Hatch and fly information for Western
Sierra compiled from Steven Ojai's Website. He has so much more info and links to photos of each of these species and fly patterns with tying ingredients and MUCH MUCH more. Please visit his site. I only compiled a small fraction of his information here so that I could easily print it out and take it with me to the fly shop and stuff a copy of it in my vest.
(Key: italicized = slight significance,
normal = minor significance, underlined
= major significance)
Pale Morning Dun (June, July)
Nymphs: Burk's hunchback infrequens,
Pheasant tail nymph, PMD halfback emerger, PMD Emerger
Driies: PMD parachute dun, PMD Sparkle
Dun, PMD Quigley Cripple, CDC PMD Cripple Dun
Ephemerella
infrequens and E.inermis, PMD's hatch mainly in June and July in the
morning or evening. The insects like to emerge in a water temperature
of 55 to 60 degrees. A hatch may occur midday when the weather is
overcast. The adult insect has a pale green to yellowish body with
pale gray wings in the size of 14-16. The nymphs are olive-brown with
three tails and rectangular bodies. Inermis will hatch first followed
by Infrequens. The nymphs will slowly swim to the surface during the
time of emergence. They often get trapped within the surface film
prior to emerging as a dun. PMD's reside in the riffles, runs, and
flats of moderate streams.
Blue winged Olive (January, May,
June,
July, August, September, October,
November,
December)
Nymphs: Pheasant tail nymph, RS2 BWO,
Halfback Emerger BWO, Poxyback Nymph BWO, Barr's BWO Emerger, Brooks
Baetis Sprout
Dries: BWO Sparkle Dun, BWO Parachute
Dun, Blue Winged Olive, Hackle Stacker BWO, Baetis Quigley Cripple,
BWO CDC Cripple
Baetis,
BWO's start hatching in late September and peak in November.The lower
Kings River will have a hatch continue through January. The BWO's
restart a hatch when the weather warms up in May and June. The
hatches occur in the early afternoon , especially on drizzly days.
Nymph activity is prevalent in the early morning and early evening
hours. Good BWO areas are Kings River, MF and NF Stanislaus, San
Joaquin, and Toulumne Rivers. Baetis are dark olive with a gray wing.
Most BWO's are size 18-20 but size varies and it is important to
match the size. The nymphs swim to the surface and often get stuck in
the surface file. Cripples and Emergers are important patterns for
this hatch. BWO's will be found in all free-flowing streams and are
heaviest in streams with stable flows such as tailwaters, meadow
streams, and spring creeks.
Salmon Fly (April, May,
June)
Nymphs: Brown Kaufman Stone, Bird's
Stonefly Nymph, Brook's Stone, Black
Dries: Improved Sofa Pillow, Orange
Stimulator, Giant Rogue Foam Stone
Pteronarcys,
these nymphs live 2-4 years in the water. They seek streams with
moderate to fast currents and live within riffles and bouldered
areas. On the Westside Sierra, The King's and Merced are known to
have salmonfly hatches usually during April. The major problem in
fishing these rivers during the hatch is the water level is usually
too high from Snow melt. In Spring, the larvae crawl up to the banks
and out of the water to transform into adults. Often they fall back
into the water. The adults are large, 2 1/2 inches, with two pairs of
wings and an orange body. Adult activity is in April and May and can
last a few days to three weeks. The hatch will start when the water
warms up, usually late morning, and will work itself upstream. Female
adults will often deposit their eggs by dropping down to the water
during the late afternoon or early evening. After depositing the
eggs, many females end up in the water starting a feeding frenzy
among the trout. Larva activity is best in the Spring and Fall.
Damselfly (May, June, July,
August, September)
Nymphs:
Marabou Damsel, Sierra Damsel, Wiffle Tail
Dries:
Burk's Damselfly, Stalcup's blue Damselfly
Zygoptera,
Damselflies prefer lakes and ponds but will also be found in slow
moving streams . The nymphs hatch from eggs laid on subsurface plant
material. They move through the water at a slow pace by undulating
it's entire body. Below the abdomen are three gills which also help
create movement. Usually the nymph will hang within the water column
so that a Chuck and Sit Presentation will generally be more
successfull than retrieves. The colors of the nymph will vary from
Green to Olive to Brownish hues depending upon the time of year. The
adult rests with it's wings folded over it's body. Female damsels lay
their eggs by crawling down plant material into the subsurface
environment. She carries a volume of air trapped by her body to
respire and will be carried by the air bubble to the surface after
laying the eggs. Trout will key in on this since many adults get
trapped within the surface film. Good hatches at Alpine Lake.
Spotted
Sedge (May, June,
July, August, September)
Nymphs:
Emergent Sparkle Pupa, Anderson's Bird of Prey Olive, Z Wing Caddic,
Fox's Poopah Olive
Dries:
Olive Caddis, Partridge Caddis Emerger, X-Caddis, Olive
Wets:
Hare's Ear, leadwing coachman
Hydropsychid,
A Net-spinning caddis whose larva, similar to Green Rockworms, are
available through most of the year within moving streams. Usually
pale green or tan , these caddis spin silky nets in the crevices of
rocks using bits of materials available within the stream. The larvae
can be fished throughout the year. Adults hatch in June and July by
pupa coming to the surface with a bubble of gas. 1-3 three weeks
later, females will swim down underwater to lay eggs. The Leadwing
Coachman or Hare's Ear is used as a wet fly to imitate this ability.
Spotted Sedges are most often found within riffles and runs. Caddis
are present in almost every stream. During the early evening hours,
what appears as a massive hatch, is acutally the females depositing
eggs. Wet flies can be your best bet during these hours. Good hatches
are within King's River, San Joaquin, and MF & NF Stanislaus
River.
October
Caddis (Spetember,
October, November)
Nymphs:
Tangerine dream, Red fox squirrely, Bill's Stick Caddis, Brown and
Orange emergent Sparkle Pupa
Dries:
orange stimulator, orange parachute madam x
Dicosmoecus
atripes, October Caddis hatches can start in late September or occur
in October, maybe into November. Often, it is timed to the first
strong frost of the Fall and will occur for about 1-2 weeks. October
Caddis inhabit freestone streams and some tailwaters with medium to
strong currents. You will not find them in streams with silty
bottoms. The larvae migrate close to shore just before pupation and
will form colonies. The larval case for pupation will be made up of
pebbles and the new pupa will emerge and crawl or swim towards shore,
climbing rocks and vegetation. Try fishing the banks near vegetation.
They will not swarm but you will notice individuals as they are big.
After mating, the females will lay eggs in the water near the edges
of the streams in late afternoon to evening. Most dry fly
presentations are made with a dead drift using a Direct Upstream
method. If this does not work well, try skating the fly working the
riffles and current seams. Hatches seen on Mokelumne, Calaveras,
Upper SF San Joaquin Rivers.
Saddle
Casemaker (June,
July, August)
Nymphs:
Bird's Nest, Emergent Sparkle Pupa, Deep Sparkle Pupa
Dries:
Elk hair Caddis, X-caddis
Glossoma,
these are small case-type caddis with a dome-like case made of
pebbles firmly attached to rocks. The larvae outgrow the cases and
must discard the old case to build a new, larger one. This action
occurs on a weekly basis, usually under low light conditions such as
early morning or dusk, and leaves the larvae vulnerable to trout.
Found in moderate- to fast-current shallow streams. The larvae
themselves are cream-colored while the adults are a light tan or
brown. The larvae will undergo a pupation prior to becoming an adult.
The pupa will be orange colored and will swim within the slower
waters below the riffles. After two days, the pupa will rise to the
surface about an hour after sunset and emerge as an adult. The female
adults swim back down to lay eggs on the stream bottom just after
sunset. Time your fly selection according to the rises. During a
rise, work an emerger pattern with an Across and Down presentation
just below the surface. After the rises end, switch to a deep sparkle
pupa using a Dead Drift presentation. The dry fly can be used after
the hatch ends and also throughout the day.
Grannom
(June, July, August)
Nymphs:
Olive Hare's Ear Soft hackle, Emergent Sparkle Pupa, Fox's Springtime
Poopah, Morrish's Hot Wire caddis, Prince Nymph
Dries:
Olive caddic, E/C Caddis, X-Caddis Olive, Hemingway, Caddis,
Partridge Caddis Emerger, CDC & Elk
Brachycentrus,
This is a case-making Caddis that creates chimney-like cases composed
of pine needles, bark, or other plant material. The cases are often
4-sided with distinct corners. The larvae lay inside the case, often
green with a black head. The caddis live in moderate to fast riffle
areas of streams and anchor themselves to rock or twigs with a white
silky thread. The larvae will feed upon algea on the rocks or
floating within the current. They will use the thread to position
themselves into good feeding areas of the stream current.
Flyfishermen will use a white grease pen to mark about 12 inches of
the tippet to imitate this thread. Pupation occurs during late Spring
and early Summer. The pupa will crawl along the streambottom and let
the currents carry them to the surface, often upon a bubble. The
trout will key on this emergence. Use a Across and Down presentation
just dragging beneath the surface with a few twitches. The adults
will come back to the stream late afternoon, after mating, to lay
eggs. They will lay eggs on the surface if they can't break the
surface tension, others manage to swim down and attach the eggs to
underwater objects. These adults will usually become spent upon the
surface. There are two species, the Mother's Day Caddis
(B.occidentalis) hatches in May through July and the American Grannom
(B. americanus) hatches in the Fall during September and October.
Hatches usually occur in the early morning and early evening.
Green
Rock Worm (April, may,
June, July, August,
September)
Nymphs:
Olive Spanflex Buzzer, Hot Wire Caddis
Dries:
Olive Caddis, Z-Wing caddis
Rhyacophila,
As you'd expect, it's green and looks like a worm in the larva stage.
The larvae live in fast-current freestone streams. They prefer riffle
areas with rocky streambeds and good aeration. The larvae are
predaceous and will hunt for mayfly and midge larvae among the rocky
bottoms. Often the larvae are swept into the current and are
available to the trout. The larvae makes a shelter to pupate, then
cuts itself free to ascend to the surface. During this ascent, the
olive-colored pupa (size 10-16) are extremely vulnerable to the
trout, and they immediately free themselves of their shuck to become
adults. Cripples and emerger patterns are ideal during this stage.
Adults will hatch in the afternoon from June to August. The adults
tend to be dark tan to green, almost black in sizes 12-16. This
caddis offers many opportunities for dry flies since the adult likes
to land on the water surface weeks after hatching and swim to the
bottom to lay eggs. Wet flies are a good choice to mimic the swimming
action of the adult.
Golden
Stonefly (May)
Nymphs:
Golden Stone Nymph
Dries:
Stimulator
Hesperoperla,
The nymphs are large and live in rocky riffles with moderate to fast
water. They are a mottled color of tan, black, and brown. The nymphs
crawl onto exposed rocks and emerge. Females return in late afternoon
to lay eggs.
Chironomids
& Bloodworms
(January, February,
March, April,
May, June, July,
August, Sepember, October, November,
December)
Nymphs:
Zebra Midge, Optimidge, WD-40, TDC
Dries:
Martis Midge, Black Gnat, Griffith's Gnat
Chironomidae,
There are over 45 genera of chironomids in California alone. For our
purposes, group them into Chironomids and Bloodworms. Both are found
in lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams such as Spring Creeks.
Within the Sierras, they are prevalent within our alkaline lakes on
the Eastside. Bloodworms are so-named since they carry hemoglobin
which allows the insect to survive in poorly oxygenated water such as
lake bottoms. Chironomids can be found in a number of colorations
from Black, Olive, Gray, and Tan. The densities of these larvae can
exceed fifty thousand per sq meter of lake bottom. Emergence occurs
year-round. The larvae frees itself from the mud burrows and rise to
the surface with a gas-filled pupal sheath. The pupa breaks through
the water surface and an adult emerges to fly away. Trout will feed
on the ascending pupae primarily within the lower water column,
perhaps 6-12 inches off the bottom. During low light conditions, such
as evening, the trout will feed upon the emergers near the surface.
Good Hatches occur at Hume Lake.
March
Brown (April,
May,
June)
Emergers:
Pheasant Tail Soft hackle, Gray Hackle Peacock)
Dries:
Bivisible Dun, Royal Humpy, March Brown Comparadun, March Brown
Parachute Dun
Rithrogena,
March Browns hatch from April to June for a 4-6 week period. They are
members of the Clinger Mayflies which cling to the bottom as larvae
and emerge as duns underwater rather than at the surface. This action
makes them extremely vulnerable to trout as they spend several
minutes at the surface drifting while the wings dry. March Browns
like to pick nice cold drizzly days to make their appearance in the
early afternoon with the hatch lasting 3-4 hours. The larvae are
found in fast riffles of freestone streams and will migrate, prior to
emergence, to calmer areas. Since the nymphs cling to the streambed,
they are usually not available to the trout, so emergers and dun
patterns are your best bet. The duns will have a reddish brown body
on the top and a cream or light brown on the bottom. The size is 1/4
to 5/8 inches
Little
yellow stone (June,
July, August)
Nymphs:
Poxyback Stone, Little Yellow Stone Nymph
Dries:
Yellow Humpy, Clark's Little Yellow Stonefly
Isoperla,
these are small (1/4 to 1/2 inch) light tan to bright yellow
stoneflies that hatch in late Spring to late Summer. Usually found in
mid- to high-elevation streams with rocky bottoms and fast currents.
Like typical stoneflies, the larvae crawl upon the rocks and emerge
from their shucks. Females return in late afternoon and through the
evening hours laying eggs.
Callibaetis
(May,
June, July,
August, September)
Nymphs:
Pheasant tail Nymph, Poxyback Nymph & Emerger
Dries:
Callibaetis Cripple, Bivisible Dun, Callibaetis Quilled Parachute,
AK's Quilled Spinner
Speckle-wing
Mayfly, this mayfly prefers the quiet waters of lakes and ponds,
particularly those stillwaters with prevalent weedbeds. Generally
they range from size 12 to 16 and come in colors of olive, tan, and
brown. Hatches begin in late Spring, around May and continue through
the Summer. The Late Spring hatch should be the larger sizes while
the last Summer hatch will be your smallest size callibaetis. The
hatches are best during overcast skies, or even rain. Generally, the
major emergence periods are spaced about 6 weeks apart. Hatches
usually start around 7:00 a.m. with nymphs congregating at the
bottom. Around 11:00 a.m. and throughout the mid-day, concentrate on
emerger patterns and dries. Spinner Falls can occur at any time
during the morning hours. Use a Lift and Settle presentation for the
nymphs.
CALENDAR:
(Key: italicized = slight significance, normal = minor significance, underlined = major significance)
January:
BWO, Chironomids
& Bloodworms,
February:
Chironomids &
Bloodworms,
March:
Chironomids &
Bloodworms,
April:
Salmon Fly,
Green Rock Worm, Chironomids
& Bloodworms,
March Brown,
May:
BWO,
Salmon Fly, Damselfly, Spotted Sedge, Saddle
Casemaker,
Green Rock Worm, Golden
Stonefly,
Callibaetis Chironomids
& Bloodworms,
March
Brown,
June:
BWO,
Salmon Fly, Damselfly,
Spotted Sedge,
Saddle Casemaker,
Grannom, Green Rock
Worm,
Golden Stonefly,
Chironomids &
Bloodworms,
March Brown, Little
Yellow Stonefly,
Callibaetis
July:
BWO, Damselfly,
Spotted Sedge,
Saddle Casemaker,
Grannom, Green Rock
Worm,
Chironomids &
Bloodworms,
Little Yellow
Stonefly,
Callibaetis
August:
BWO, Damselfly, Spotted Sedge, Saddle Casemaker, Grannom, Green Rock
Worm, Chironomids & Bloodworms, Little
Yellow Stonefly,
Callibaetis
September:
BWO, Damselfly, Spotted Sedge, October Caddis, Green Rock Worm,
Chironomids & Bloodworms, Callibaetis
October:
BWO,
Damselfly, October
Caddis,
Chironomids & Bloodworms,
November:
BWO,
October Caddis, Chironomids
& Bloodworms,
December:
BWO, Chironomids
& Bloodworms,